Peace Through Victory or Peace Through Justice and Loving Kindness

In his book In Search of Paul Dominic Crossan dramatically describes the sea battle where Octavian, who was later to be named Augustus, united the Roman Empire.  Augustus created peace through victory and therefore received the titles of Lord Saviour, Redeemer and Liberator. Divine Son of God.^[1] 

Crossan says those titles were Roman Imperial Theology and the glue that held the empire together.  The book then goes on to describe how Paul claimed all those titles for Jesus and spread a new vision of peace through justice and lovingkindness throughout the Roman Mediterranean.

That vision of peace seems most appropriate to explore when citizens of the land where Jesus was born walked and died are firing missiles at each other and children are starving to death.  Furthermore, Russia and Ukraine are also firing drones and missiles at each other and moving closer to dragging Europe into a bigger conflict and the United States is looking to profit from selling weapons.

In such a world of tension peace is not simply an absence of war.  Peace comes about through a creative process. We have to make peace.

Both our readings today point towards the suggestion that we begin making peace in our families.

The book of Hosea uses a dysfunctional and abusive household as a metaphor for a dysfunctional and disempowering nation.  Our Gospel reading begins with a dispute between brothers and then moves on to the parable that demonstrates the foolishness of hording possessions which is so often what causes disharmony in the family. 

Disputes over inheritances are often bitter and protracted and capable of destroying lifetime relationships.  Furthermore, when people start regarding other members of a household as possessions, family disputes can become lethal.

I have been doing a lot more reading since I retired and, as my mother taught me to read Agatha Christie, I have read all Ann Cleeves’ ?Vera Stanhope novels, all her Shetland series and impatiently await the next Vera book due this month.  None of those books feature shootouts, car chases or battles with sharks.  They reflect real life where most of the murders occur because of dysfunctional families.   I also moved on to Robert Galbraith who I quickly discovered is actually J. K. Rowling.   Through her superb wizardry she introduced her damaged, but astute, ex-military detective and his assistant who worked her way into and out of a dysfunctional marriage.  Certainly, her opening book began with a presumed suicide of a fashion model surrounded with wealth and glitz.  But when everything was unravelled, we discover the woman was part of a dysfunctional family and murdered over disputed inheritance.  

A summary of statistics about victims of murder, manslaughter, and infanticide in a New Zealand police report published in September 2018 stated that around 1 in 5 homicides were committed by a current or ex-partner and 75% of victims were female. 

Furthermore, children under the age of five made up twelve percent of homicide victims.^[2]

Peace-making must begin in our homes, in families where individuals, regardless of age, gender or relationship are regarded as fully human persons.   Violent and abusive families create violent and abusive communities.  Children, who have been bullied, and their behaviour modified by violence, bully other children and grow into adults who seek to define their own space in the world by being violent to others. 

We know very little about what induced a young man to walk into two Christchurch mosques and murder unarmed people.  But from what we read about far-right ideology we can assume he felt threatened by people different to himself and reacted violently. 

What we can be totally proud of is the inclusive response of the wider community and the recognition that we truly are a diverse community.  

I have also read David Close’s small book about his father’s memories of being a prisoner in the First World War which reminded me of the absolute misery of that war.  That misery was also reflected in the film about J. R. R. Tolkien and, during the film, I wondered if writing fantasy was the way he dealt with his post-traumatic stress.  

Nations often form an image of a god that not only supports them in wars but is expected to inflict violent punishment on anyone who does not honour that god. Karin Armstrong suggests that Yahweh was originally such a god of war and so Maurice Andrew’s comment on our reading from Hosea demonstrates an evolution in the understanding of God.  

In today’s reading we can see that Yahweh begins to be understood, not just as the Hebrew war god but the God of all humanity.  The God who behaves in an unexpected way.  Israel is not preserved because of the nature of the people or their violent reaction to others, but because God’s nature is to stop doing what god’s or ideologies are usually understood to do.  Rather than a god of destruction and revenge God loves all people and seeks to restore all people.

In accepting such a God, we can learn that a family who loves each other with God’s unconditional love allows children to grow into members of a community that is equally loving.  A community that looks to restore the lost rather than seeking revenge for the consequences of their dysfunction.,

However, we appear to be returning to a time when our nation seeks peace through victory as a way of controlling crime.

Once again, our government is promising tougher policing, crushing kid’s cars, longer prison sentences, and more jails.  Meanwhile we are pulling back on social housing, restricting benefits and experiencing a growth in homelessness.

Many sports and other activities are becoming too expensive for most young people, who are genetically and hormonally charged, to seek adventure.  Meeting that need and providing hope of a fulfilling life could well be a more constructive path to community peace.  However, as someone who had boxing lessons at primary school, the growth of martial arts worries me.

But violence always seems more direct and one of the characteristics of the historic development of the nation state was that the state claims the monopoly on violence and uses that monopoly to control its citizens. It then uses violence to create a sense of national pride by inflicting violence on other states. 

In George Orwell book 1984 he had the world divided into three.  At any one time two of those super states were at war with each other while the third was neutral.  They swapped places regularly, so all three states had the advantage of blaming inadequate government and failed economic policy on ‘the war.’

1984 has past but the world still manages to shift its enemies and allies around to keep the focus off domestic justice issues like poverty, housing and health care. 

Up till now that shuffling of friend and foe has been cautious because, the bombing of Hiroshima was extra frightening.  That bomb was considerably more destructive than the bronze weapons of Hosea’s day. 

On the 50^th anniversary of the bombing of Hiroshima I heard the Reverend Professor Ian Dixon speaking of being stationed with a unit in Europe when the bomb was dropped.  The officer in charge of his unit was a young physicist who was devastated by the news.  He said that he would rather be shipped to the Pacific and face another four years of war than have that terrible weapon used on human beings. 

Through that dreadful act the world was given peace through victory at a huge cost in terms of human suffering. 

But now someone wants to make America Great again and that is a worry as it looks to join all the great empires, from the Babylonians that threatened Hosea’s people through the Romans of Jesus’ time.  All the empires of the past and the would-be empires of today, have discovered that the violence needed to maintain a forced peace finally succumbs to the rebellion of an ever-increasing number of repressed marginalised people. 

Just like abused children, who may grow to inflict abuse on others, violently repressed people cannot conceive any hope of liberation without violent revolution. 

The seeds of terrorism and the embryos of suicide bombers are nurtured in exploitation, hopelessness and injustice that is always the dark side of peace through victory.

The farmer in the parable was simply foolish and all his wealth was derived by favourable agricultural conditions.  But in our world farm income can come from trade with wealthy nations that makes New Zealand butter too expensive for kiwis. 

The message of Hosea was that no matter what idols we build, or create in our minds, to support what desperate, or threatened people may see as a just war, the true God’s nature is to seek peace.

Our God does not punish the unjust with the force of a Hiroshima bomb.  The God we Christians image in Jesus Christ forgives, restores, and transforms. 

As followers of that Christ we are called to live our lives as Christ to others, forgiving, restoring and transforming both our lives and the lives of those around us. 

We are called to be rich in the way God understands wealth by seeking peace through justice and lovingkindness, not just for us, but for all humanity.

Such a peace is true, eternal wealth where Christ and all humanity are one with God.

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[1] Dominic Crossan In Search of Paul (New York: HarperCollins 2004) p.4.

[2]https://www.police.govt.nz/about-us/publication/homicide-victims-report-2017-and-historic-nz-murder-rate-report-1926-2017

Looking forward….. Revelation

The Book of Revelation…I wonder what you think of it.  For most people it’s  weird and wonderful but frankly not my cup of tea.  Martin Luther the great reformer and leader of our protestant faith wanted the book removed from scripture claiming it was an ‘epistle of straw’. 

It is what is known as Apocalyptic Literature.  That’s a big word so let AI explain… Apocalyptic literature is a genre characterized by strange images with hidden realities, often related to the end times or divine revelation. It’s marked by symbolic language, a pessimistic view of the present, and a focus on imminent cataclysmic events. 

The book of Revelation fits well.  There are strange images and symbolic language ….There are visions of beasts, four horsemen, angels blowing trumpets, wars, dragons, special numbers, Much of it seems to be focused on end times and Armageddon, There are lakes of fire and the present age is doomed.…. I could go on.   

What we need to understand is that this is written by someone who is experiencing visions that are often quite bizarre.  But hidden in the images are truths to challenge and deepen our faith….

John the writer of the book wants to tell us about Jesus and what he had done. He tells us there are evil forces at work in the world and Jesus has come to challenge those forces.  That challenge will inevitably involve conflict and bring persecution and ridicule, but kia kaha be strong, remain faithful for the God we know in Jesus will win.  Good will triumph over evil.

Let’s read some passages…

Rev 6:1-8  John has a vision of being transported to heaven where the one sitting on the throne has a scroll with 7 seals.  It seems the scroll contains details of what is about to happen.  Jesus is the only one who can open the seals. 

Rev 19: 11-16  After the evil powers are defeated John has a vision about Jesus which is quite shocking if you have been brought up to believe Jesus is only a mild mannered friend of little children.

Rev 21: 11-7, Rev 22: 12-14, 16,17.  After the great judgment John has a remarkable vision about the earth transformed.  God now makes his home with the people of earth. And the final passage is an invitation to come and join Jesus on the road to a transformed earth.

Back at the end of the 15^th century in Europe Albrecht Durer was using an artform that could be reproduced on the newly discovered printing presses.  He made woodcuts and became the first artist to publish a book and create a copyright.  His book, The Apocalypse with Pictures,  contained 15 woodcuts all depicting scenes from the book of Revelation.  Just why he chose to represent these scenes is explained by the world he lived in.  European society was falling apart. The Church, corrupt to the core, was about to face a revolution in the form of the Protestant Reformation.  The Ottoman empire was a new world power.  Many believed the world was facing a great day of judgment that would come as the 16^th century came to an end and the year 1500 dawned.  Durer saw what was happening as a sign that the book of Revelation was playing out before their eyes.  In maybe the most well known woodcut from his book we see the scene portrayed from the opening verses of Chapter six with the four horsemen:   

The first horseman (furthest right) is Pestilence and Plague. Dürer denotes Pestilance with his bow and arrow (Rev 6:1–2). The second horseman representing war has a long sword and is ready for battle. Famine is the horseman third from the right. The rider brandishes scales as his weapon which speaks of how wheat and barley would be tightly rationed and highly priced during the Apocalypse.  The final horseman is Death. This rider is the most distinctive horseman as he is noticeably older than the other horseman and incredibly malnourished. Unlike the other horsemen, Death is not given a tangible weapon. Instead, Death is charged with killing whoever is left alive when Plague, War, and Famine have completed their rides. Interestingly trampled under death is a bishop symbolic of the church.

   Many Christians claim the Book of Revelation offers a picture of how the world will end.  There will be a great cataclysmic final period of history before God steps in and the faithful will be rescued to live on for eternity in heaven.   The codes and signs tell us what will happen in these end times and all through history there have been people like Durer who have seen it happening in their time.

  I recall a few years ago books by Hal Lindsay.  Hal said the end times were upon us now.   He pointed to the setting up of the state of Israel and four key players – Russia, China, The Middle Eastern nations, and the European Economic Union which was seen to be the ten horned beast of Revelation because there were ten countries in the union at that time.   Hal did well with over 25 million copies of his Late Great Planet Earth sold, and is partly responsible for the reality that in the United States something like 4 in 10 people think the end times are upon us – 40%!

    I confess I don’t think the book of Revelation offers us a coded road map of the future.  I don’t believe there is a set plan that details every event in the future that if we can just crack the code we will know all about.  I don’t believe everything that happens in my life is pre-planned.  I do believe God has some dreams and purposes for my life, but I have freedom of choice and can head along different paths if I choose.  There is an insistence of God that speaks into my life and the life of the world, but I can be very deaf and blind.  I often head down other paths to what God might hope.  Life is a mysterious mix of God’s will and chaos. 

So do we ditch Revelation as Luther hoped.  I want to say a resounding NO!

   I believe the Book of Revelation with its dramatic images of battles between good and evil actually is a huge wake up call for us.  In our comfortable liberal western world  we have forgotten the reality that evil exists, and we keep pretending all is well.  We are blind to the idea of consequences and judgment, and we think we can sail merrily on and everything will be fine and dandy while the earth literally burns up around us with hate and heat.  

   John saw the visions in the Book of Revelation at a time when the persecution of Christians had begun under the reign of the Roman emperor Nero around 60 AD but intensified under the reign of Domitian in the AD 90’s.  The events depicted in the visions revolve around the persecutions and evil events that were unfolding right before John the author’s eyes. The Christians were still a tiny tiny minority of the population.   In Christchurch (if it existed) maybe there would have been 50 Christians.  But they were a significant fringe group who proclaimed that not all was well.  When others literally worshiped the  emperor and the great Roman dream of Pax Romana, the peace of the mighty Roman empire, the Christians said ‘we follow another way and another Lord’.    ‘We see another future’.  That got them into trouble!

   Imagine yourself part of such a group.   With a mad dictator in Rome you are now being singled out.  All mad leaders know the value of having scapegoats.  (Jews, Palestinians, Mexican refugees, Muslims…)  Christians are being targeted, and some are being brutally killed.  You meet in secret, and you talk in ways that that are not openly understood.  The rotten Roman empire becomes a ‘beast’ and we all know what we are talking about.

   John in his visions sees the real power of evil in the world, but kia kaha, remain strong. God is still at work.   And this is a key message of Revelation.  God will not be defeated.  The cross and suffering are real but this is not the final word.  The empty tomb is.  In picturesque language the book of Revelation talks of great battles.   Instead of saying the Emperor is a fraud and his violent regime is rotten and evil. John tells a strange story about a monster who comes out of the sea, a place of evil, and is defeated.  Instead of saying the established religions of Rome are corrupt it tells a story about a whore.  Instead of saying the Empire is doomed, it talks of an empire which reached glorious heights but which collapses inwards into a cess pit of violence, greed, and inhumanity – Babylon.  The language is rich in symbolism.  It talks of a beast with seven heads.  The great city of Rome was located on seven mountains or hills.. and the writer is saying this city, the toast of the empire, is a godless city built on the subjugation of many.  Most of the population lived as slaves in grinding poverty.  The rich and wealthy elite lived in luxury with little thought of welfare of others.  ..ring any bells?  The message of Revelation is it wont survive…. The four horsemen are coming.

   Later after we read of the vision of Jesus coming on a great white horse and you may think it doesn’t fit with the Jesus I know in the gospels.  This Jesus of Revelation seems to be a warrior of brute strength and violence.  But read these visions carefully.   Even before the battle begins Jesus’s robe is blood stained with his own self giving love, and the sword he carries is in his mouth not in his hand.  The vision of the Messiah is of someone who has shed his own blood, and who fights not with guns and bombs, but with words of love and with judgements about what is right and wrong.    This Messiah fights with the power and sword of truth to bring healing, reconciliation, and sustainable life into our world. 

   The sword of truth…. Our ways of living are wrecking this planet. Witness the reality of climate change.  Witness the imbalance between rich and poor which sees huge divisions – we are no longer interconnected as a society but living in glorious isolation which opens the door for uncaring random violence.  Anxiety has reached epic proportions particularly amongst younger generations.  And we consume, consume, consume and amass stuff, lots of stuff.  The seductive powers of evil are alive and well, calling us to death, destruction, and darkness.  The four horsemen are still roaming.

   Come Lord Jesus and open our eyes, unblock our ears with your truth.

    We may read passages in Revelation and think God is going to destroy the earth.  Some Christians, and many Christians in the United States, say we don’t need to worry about climate change, or polluting the earth, living sustainably, or being concerned about the plight of so many who have so little.  God is going to destroy it all anyway, and because we go to church we will be saved.  But that negates the message of Revelation and of Jesus.  I have not come to condemn.  I love the earth. I have come to transform lives, I have come to save and rescue, to bring life to all the earth. 

   At the end of the Book of Revelation we have a beautiful visionary scene   which pictures a New Jerusalem, or holy city, descending from heaven to engage in a new relationship with the earth.  “See the home of God is now fully amongst us, and the earth is renewed.  God’s home is now the very earth itself.  He will wipe every tear from their eyes, and violence and destruction will be no more.  No more will people cry out with the pain of injustice.  For the earth has been transformed and made new.” 

   The poetic picture is striking.   This transformed earth doesn’t need a temple because God’s presence is found everywhere.  It doesn’t need a sun or moon because the light of Christ burns bright in every corner.  Its gates are never shut and it welcomes people from all round the world to receive and bring blessings and treasures to one another.  From the centre of the city, from God’s own throne, a river flows. But it’s not any old river, it is a river of life or aliveness.  Along its banks grows trees of Life with fruit available every month of the year.  True peace reigns as people of all races live in harmony with one another and with all creation as children of God.  The picture of the end of the world is not destruction but renewal.  Everything made whole. Life in all its fullness has come.  I read this and I have hope.  This is where Jesus is leading us.  This is the earth God dreams of, and it is the earth that one day will come into being!  It’s where our Christian faith should be leading us.

   And the final word of the Book of Revelation is compelling.   That word is the word, “COME”.  Come and join those walking the road of Jesus that leads us to a union of earth and heaven.  Come join those who are battling the powers of evil, working for good.  Expect terrible conflicts and expect hopelessness.  The road will be hard and costly, the powers of evil are terrifying.  Witness what is happening in Gaza.  I could weep.  Often evil is more subtle – we know that in our own lives!  But the final word of John is Come join the team that is fighting for life, fighting for Jesus.  Come, keep walking, keep loving, keep wielding the sword of truth for the victory will be ours.    

There is something special about watching the sunrise over water that reminds me about today’s gospel reading and a similar story in Luke’s Gospel. The red morning sun shimmering across the ripples of the surging river, or a wind stirred sea, inclines our heart and mind to openness and empathy.  

A month ago Raewyn and I went for a walk at dawn on the riverbank through the red zone and had those feelings.  The river wasn’t red, but it was certainly shimmering and behind the bulrushes we could hear the splash of paddles and I thought I heard a familiar voice.

Sure enough, as we stepped out from behind the reeds a voice called out ‘Morning Hugh’.  Of course, it wasn’t Jesus it was just the Rev Glenn Livingstone in a kayak.  He introduced me to his companion who he said knew our Craig and his wife Tina.  That is not surprising becase they are all kayak junkies.  News of our meeting spread because Glenn took pictures and put them on Facebook.

On that occasion Glenn didn’t ask me to follow him but some years earlier he was the first person to visit us when we moved into our present house.  On that occasion he was campaigning for Council so he asked if he could put a sign on our front lawn.  In no time he had me knocking on doors for him.

Writing of another early morning meeting Robin Meyers stresses the importance of the call to follow Jesus in his book Saving Jesus from the Church: How to Stop Worshiping Christ and Start Following Jesus:

If the church is to survive as a place where head and heart are equal partners in faith, then we will need to commit ourselves once again not to the worship of Christ, but to the invitation of Jesus.  His invitation was not to believe, but to follow. [1] 

The last sentence of the last verse of our Gospel reading gives Meyers the biblical authority to make that claim: 

After this he said to him ‘Follow me’ (John 21:19b).

Calling the fishermen features in all four gospels in various stages of the gospel journey but the call is always to follow.

In the opening chapter of Mark, Jesus sees Simon and Andrew casting their nets into the Sea of Galilee and Jesus says ‘Follow me and I will make you fish for people’. (Mark 1:17)  Matthew picks that up in his fourth chapter using Mark’s words as Jesus says to Peter and Andrew ‘Follow me and I will make you fish for people.’ (Matthew 4:19)

Luke carries the same theme of calling the fishermen but within a very similar story to our reading from John’s Gospel.  In this incident Jesus uses the boat as a preaching platform then he instructs Simon, along with his partners James and John, to let down the nets and they catch a huge harvest of fish.  Jesus then says to Simon Peter ‘Do not be afraid; from now on you will be catching people.’ (Luke 5:10)

So, the call of the fishermen is featured in all four gospels but in John’s Gospel Simon Peter and Andrew are introduced to Jesus by John the Baptist.  Therefore the gospel writer introduces the call of the fishermen at the end of the Gospel.  Even more significantly the call is from the Risen Christ. 

So, the call to Peter and the call to Paul in our Acts reading are the same.  A call from the risen Christ in a mystic moment, a moment of mystery, a spiritual experience.  Probably a bit more mystic than a call from the river in the morning light but for the disciples it also had memory of past adventures with a friend.  

John invites us to share that memory as he describes Jesus taking the bread and giving it to the disciples and, by also mentioning the fish, he gives an echo of the feeding of the five thousand.  A pointer towards the communion service. 

Writing at the turn of the first century, possibly in the gentile city of Ephesus, John may well be encouraging us all to meet with the Risen Christ and therefore to follow Jesus.  The presence of Christ calls us all to be workers in Christ’s harvest, calls us all to fish for people.  That call is clearly an evangelical call.  A vital call to the early church as it spread out into a world without Facebook. 

In his book Meyers suggests the call to follow is an important call if the church is to survive and in his book, he stresses just what it means to follow Jesus. 

To Meyers following Jesus is not just standing in front of a crowd and making claims about Jesus or putting memes on social media.  In Meyers’ understanding following Jesus is about living with the compassion Jesus shows to others.

To heal the sick, empower the poor, feed the hungry to welcome everyone and so on. It is as we live as Christ to others that we ‘fish for people’ and bring in the harvest of a vital living Christian Community.  

We live in a world where a very few wealthy people continue to seek control of all the world’s wealth.  But the advice from the Jesus of the gospels was to cast the nets on the other side, to look at an alternative model, a different way of living than the few dominating the many.  Jesus called it ‘the kingdom of God’

For those who were disadvantaged by Roman Imperialism, both Jew and gentile, the Jesus’ way of welcoming and sharing was an alternative way.  To be freed of the stigma created by believing that sickness and misfortune was punishment for sin would have been totally liberating.  Acceptance into the community of Christ can be just as liberating today, especially if members of the community can help the homeless find a home and the hungry find a meal.

Our Acts reading is the classic Damascus Road episode, that sudden meeting with the Risen Christ which turns Saul’s world view upside down. 

It strikes him blind and through the care and compassion of others he recognises the presence of the Risen Christ and metaphorically casts his net on the other side.  The change is so dramatic that he changes his name to Paul, and instead of persecuting the emerging church, he organises it.

Although much as the structures of the organised church have frustrated the mission of Christ over the centuries it probably would not have survived without structure. Paul’s travel and writing did much to send Christ’s call through time towards us. 

We don’t know exactly what happened to Paul on the road to Damascus or what reignited those disciples who had left Jerusalem to return to their original occupations.  But if we read through the imagery and metaphor with our imagination set to open, we can recognise these stories as incidents that happen in our own lives. 

These Christ appearances are like meeting a friend while walking on a quiet path as the sun pushes above the horizon and shimmers across the swirling river.  Times when a quiet mind processes and rearranges the information stored in our memories and a new perspective comes to us.  Times when we take the bread and the drink in memory of a long dead Jesus. Times when our heart feels strangely warmed.  Times when we mechanically listen to the words that Paul writes were passed on to him, the traditional communion liturgy.  As we listen to those words and eat the bread and drink the drink, memory becomes reality and for a moment, we find ourselves in the presence of the Risen Christ. 

In Christ’s presence we can all hear the call, not to believe, not to worship, but to follow.    

As Albert Schweitzer wrote;

He comes to us as one unknown, without a name, as of old, by the lakeside, he came to those men who did not know who he was.  He says the same words, ‘Follow me!’, and sets us to those tasks which he must fulfil in our time.  He commands.  And to those who hearken to him, whether wise or unwise, he will reveal himself in the peace, the labours, the conflicts and the suffering that they may experience in his fellowship, and as an ineffable mystery they will learn who he is.[2]

The Jesus call to follow is always a call to cast our nets on the other side, a call to an alternative and inclusive way of being human.  A call to truly be fishers of people, the call to a life where everyone is fed, everyone is cared for, and we live as Christ to others.  To steal one of Marcus Borg’s book titles, it is always a call ‘to meet Jesus again for the first time’.

To meet the Jesus of the Gospels we are called, not so much to worship Christ, but to be Christ to all those who we meet along the way.

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[1] Robin R. Meyers, Saving Jesus from the Church: How to Stop Worshiping Christ and Start Following Jesus, (New York: Harper Collins, 2009), p.145

[2] Albert Schweitzer, The Quest of the Historical Jesus, Bowden, John (ed.) (London: SCM Press 2000), p.487.

 What do you know about Thomas?  The writer of John’s gospel features Thomas three times.

1.   Firstly when Jesus get news of Lazarus’ death there is hesitancy to go to him because it means going through the hostile region of Judea.  It would be a dangerous journey, but Thomas urges the disciples, “Come let’s go so we can die with him.”  Bold stuff. 
2. Then in John 14 Jesus talks of the way to God, “There are many rooms in my Father’s house.  I am going there to prepare a place for each of you.  You know the way to where I am going”, but it’s Thomas who boldly pipes up saying but how can we know the way?  Good question. 
3. Then there is today’s reading with Thomas refusing to believe Jesus is alive.  Doubting Thomas he’s called and with it his reputation hits the floor.   

    I want to stand up for Thomas.  Frankly I feel for him because my response would also be, “you have to be joking”, if I was told by friends that someone who was beaten, then crucified, and was buried in a rock tomb was now somehow alive just a couple of days after the brutal events.  I think it’s quite reasonable to say I need to see evidence for myself.  I wonder how we read those words of Jesus  “stop doubting and have faith” … are they a rebuke or are they said with compassion, arm around his shoulder and maybe the word “bro” added at the end.  And why do we not highlight the resolute response of Thomas, “my Lord and My God.” 

   I must be getting older because I like to reminisce!  I was thinking back 40 years to my first ministry in St David’s Palmerston North the other day and remembering some of the journey.  They were good years with a thriving youth group and a sense that the church had a real place in the community.  One of my tasks as the new assistant minister was starting up a home group for older women who would regularly get together every two weeks to look at a Bible passage and discuss it.  It was hardly revolutionary stuff and my main job as a young minister was keeping them sort of focused on the passage we were looking at so they didn’t spend the whole time on other topics that a group of women might like to talk about.    It took a while to build up levels of trust and for the participants to feel they could be honest with each other, but I will always remember Vera who one day beamed and proclaimed to the group, ”you know I enjoy coming to this group because this is the first time I’ve ever been able to ask questions about God, my faith and the Bible.”  It wasn’t so many months later that Vera died suddenly, and I would like to think she died just a little happier and fulfilled because of our little group and her discovery that we could ask questions together.

    I suspect Vera had been brought up in a faith that frowned on asking questions.  I suspect in her younger days you were expected to listen to the minister, the expert, and soak it up without question.  I also suspect the model didn’t work very well because she felt a little inadequate when it came to matters of faith and the easiest way to deal with that was to keep your mouth shut until the focus of attention was on something she did feel confident in talking about…. The kids, food, craft.  Asking questions was frowned on because asking questions somehow indicated that you doubted, and doubt wasn’t good.    But she did have questions.. just like Thomas.  The sadness and consequence was that her faith and the importance of her faith remained largely hidden to her children, and those around her. 

   Faith isn’t having all the right answers or being an expert.  Faith is about trust, and a real faith asks questions.  A real faith is honest about doubts and a real faith is open to the possibility there is more to learn.   

   One of the key images of faith that we find in the Old Testament is that of the journey.  Things never stay as they are.  Abraham and Sarah leave their home town of Harran in modern day Iraq to find a new future with God in another land.  Along the way they are constantly in dialogue with God, questioning, listening, pondering, learning.  Moses and the people of Israel continue this tradition.  Forty years of questioning and journeying in the desert.  We see the same thing in the Psalms of David.  We like to think of these as wonderful affirmations of praise, but actually as we look deeper there are many songs in a minor key. Questioning and lamenting the unfairness of life are part of many of the psalms.  Crying out to God “why?”, ”how long?”, and “are you there?” litter the poetry as the writers give witness to an honest faith.  The story of Job is a classic with questions posed by Job and by God. 

    We used to have a church building where the pews were lined up and the minister stood at the front, the expert.  Thankfully we have changed that.  My understanding of worship in the Jewish synagogue that Jesus was brought up in was that often one of the leaders or elders would deliver a sermon on a topic and then the assembled congregation would discuss and question and argue about what was said.  Judaism has never been about a passive listening people but is about debate and questions.  As the early Christians moved out of the synagogues and met as small groups they would often argue and question together as they searched for the truth and the way of Jesus.  Jesus asked questions often, both of others and also from deep within.  From the cross comes the anguished cry, My God, My God, where are you?

  Paul’s letters are full of issues as those early communities buzzed with deep debate, conflict, and questions.  A community that does not encourage questions stands still.  A person who knows it all and has no doubts will not grow.  In their certainty they will often become obnoxious and arrogant.  Faith is not about certainty.  The opposite of faith is not doubt but fear, the fear of stepping beyond the known, the fear of admitting, “I don’t know”..  

   I believe religious faith has suffered hugely in the modern world by being cast as naïve and unquestioning.  It has suffered hugely from the perception that you have to ditch your rational questioning mind and give assent to things which frankly are are not possible or at least need to be interpreted as metaphor… the seven days of creation for example.

  Thomas dear Thomas has much to teach us and challenge us in his open and honest questioning and doubting.

  He also has something to teach us and challenge us in his boldness.

  If you visit India you will see many Christian communities feature the name St Thomas.  I volunteered for a few months at St Thomas School in Jagadhri, Northern India working with Doreen Riddle.  The local Christians were proud of the name St Thomas and told me Thomas the disciple brought Christianity to India.   Some 20 years after Jesus’ death Thomas is believed to have arrived in southern India, in Kerela which is still a Christian stronghold today.    There he established little Christian communities.  I wish John England was still with us because he would no doubt throw some light on this mysterious journey. 

What is clear is that a fire burned in Thomas.  He was the one to say let’s risk death to go with Jesus.  He’s the disciple who proclaimed when seeing the resurrection for himself “My Lord and My God”  He had seen Jesus. He had touched the wounds. The resurrection wasn’t some funny belief in his head, but a realisation that all Jesus stood for was true and Thomas saw that the way or path of Jesus was the way of life for all the earth.   This Jesus truly was of God and opened a door to the way of life that human beings long for, and that was good news that needed to be shared.

I imagine Thomas’ love of questions served him well.  He sat and talked with locals in marketplaces and under banyan trees.  He asked questions. He listened and observed.    No doubt people observed him and saw something in him. He tried to answer their questions honestly.  He no doubt encountered people who were deeply religious, as anyone who has travelled in India will still attest to.  As he engaged in conversations he told them of Jesus who spoke of forgiveness for those crippled by alienation and mistakes, unconditional love and compassion for broken, and a way of justice and respect for all, men and women.  No matter what caste you belonged to, Brahmin or Dalit, you were welcome to sit around a table and break bread as equals.  This God revealed in Jesus brought new life.

Some were attracted, others found this new Way too revolutionary and Thomas was eventually martyred like his master.  But not before something had taken root.  The story of Jesus who had been put to death on a cross, killed by the powers of evil, but then raised by God, spread.  Small communities of followers grew, living the Way, guided and empowered in the living presence of the Holy Spirit.  They gathered to break bread, and began to share and live the story themselves. They gave witness to heaven on earth.  A small spark of faith had leapt across an ocean and taken root.  Thomas the questioner had become Thomas the planter.  Thomas the doubter had become Thomas the bold gardener of faith in others. 

I think his example shines a light for this congregation.  If we are to have a future we are going to have to engage with the wider community of which we are part and become like Thomas, gardeners helping others grow in a journey with God.  And it’s not really about the future of this congregation, but it’s about the future of life on this planet as we hurtle down a path of chaos, ignorance, and the worship of ourselves.

You don’t need to sail to India. You only need to walk across the street, listen carefully to a friend at a café, pray with a neighbour, answering a question, asking a question.  Sharing openly, honestly, admitting we don’t know it all.  Acknowledging in whatever way you can that there is a power beyond us in this earth, that is bigger than us on this earth, calling us to build a different future.  We don’t have all the answers, but we do have something desperately needed in our chaotic me centred world.    God needs your voice. Particularly if you’ve doubted, and particularly if you’ve struggled. Our local community needs the hope you’ve found.

I think I’ve heard some of you say ahh but that’s why we employ a minister.  Minister centred churches are the fastest dying ones.   What we need are authentic disciples who don’t know it all, but who have discovered what matters in their lives. What is it that gives us hope and enables us to navigate through the complexity of life?  What we need are people who don’t try to make others conform to be like us, but who welcome diversity and difference.  I love the message from the recent and now very pertinent movie “Conclave”,  Cardinal Lawrence played by Ralph Fiennes addresses the assembled Cardinals on the sort of faith needed in the sort of person to be elected to be the Pope and example to us all.  ‘Our faith is a living thing precisely because it walks hand in hand with doubt. If there was only certainty, and if there was no doubt, there would be no mystery, and therefore no need for faith.’. 

      Thomas…. A doubter to be shunned.  No, a shining light who calls us to be honest with questions  and bold to engage others with their questions.    

Hear what the Spirit is saying to us.

“A Good Goodbye” (John 16:12-16)
Life is full of goodbyes.  Children grow up and leave home, graduation happens and friends go off to college, people get married and move, workplaces close and colleagues take new jobs, summers finish and romances end, death comes and final farewells have to be said.  No matter who we are, we have known “goodbye” in one form or another.  Within goodbyes there runs a full range of emotions, goodbyes can be filled with joy and thanksgiving, they can be times of sorrow, there can be urgency, or fear or even exhilaration when the time comes to say “God be with you”, or goodbye. 

At their best, goodbyes leave us with a grateful spirit and fond memories to cherish.  At their worst, they leave us feeling angry or misunderstood, and maybe even second guessing ourselves.  If we allow it, our text this morning can teach us in the art of saying goodbye.  Our story this morning is part of the classic farewell address when Jesus says goodbye to his disciples.

Goodbyes, even happy goodbyes, can surprise us with twisting emotions.  A little more than 40 years ago, I was a wide-eyed teenager off to New Zealand for a year’s study.  I was so excited about this chance to see the world!  Yet there came these times to say goodbye: to teacher and friends, to parents and family.  I was only sixteen, and it’s hard to see your mom and dad cry at any age, Parents can be so embarrassing I thought.  But I didn’t get it.  They knew more than I did about what was happening right then.  As I was making my excited preparations, there was one occasion, when a good friend said, “remember, we’re the ones being left behind”.  That gave me pause and a helpful perspective. .  I also remember visiting grandparents before I left, each of us thinking “when will we see each other again?”  They wanted to say the kind of goodbye that recognizes it could be the last one.  Tough stuff, for me as a young kid off to see the world.  But I got it when my grandmother took my hand and said “Danny (She was one of two people who would call me Danny. That always got my attention – I listened closely.) , we need to say a good goodbye.” 

Our reading is a powerful story.  It shows us even Jesus needs to say goodbye. .  This is part of the farewell discourse of Jesus, and he explains once more to the disciples that he must depart, and yet the promise is made that they will not be alone.  What does it mean to say goodbye well? How does he turn pain of partings into an occasion that can redeem relationships and be filled with hope and integrity?

For us, what might it look like to say goodbye in such a way as to free those we are leaving behind to continue on vibrant with life and the potential for flourishing?  John shows us that Jesus knows how to say goodbye!   This passage is considered the “heart” of Jesus’ farewell.   The one who speaks here speaks as no one has spoken.”  This is a goodbye like no other. 

What does it mean to say goodbye well? Let us look at this moment through the eyes of Jesus. As the one saying goodbye it is Jesus who takes the initiative. It would seem that Jesus’ disciples are trying to avoid the subject altogether; they prefer not to talk about it. Their anticipated pain at being alone is more than they can manage so they retreat into a place of silence.

In this difficult time, it is Jesus who takes the initiative and makes certain he talks about his leaving with the disciples.  Saying goodbye is something Jesus needs to do for himself; so, he pursues a thoughtful goodbye with uncommon intentionality.  For Jesus knows that hearing him say goodbye is something the disciples must experience and accept if they are to get on with life.  They’ve got to hear him say it.  Goodbye. 

I was a huge fan of MASH.  After 11 years, The final episode was titled, Goodbye, Farewell and Amen, was a perfect blend of laughter and tears.  One of the things I remember was the fun Hawkeye had with BJ because BJ couldn’t say the word goodbye.  So for a few weeks,  Hawkeye taunted him with every possible way of saying “Goodbye, goodbye”, and in the end BJ found his own way to say it – spelling it out with bright yellow letters ten feet high.  For BJ, goodbye wasn’t real – until he said it – and said it in his own way. 

Notice how Jesus says goodbye: he does so in such a way as to leave his disciples hopefull. He assures them that they will not be left alone or on their own. The Spirit of truth…the Advocate…will come to be their companion .

Jesus senses the inability of his disciples to get it. They don’t grasp the truth as to who Jesus really is and what it means for him to be called Messiah. They can’t begin to understand what is about to happen to Jesus. For them, the cross remains a mystery, with death an improbability for someone called Messiah. Jesus doesn’t take his disciples off the hook by providing them with easy answers, or false promises.   But he does leave them hopeful. He tells them that once he is gone another will come, the Holy Spirit, who will guide them along the way of all truth and companion with them to help speak about justice and love.   It will be the Spirit that opens our eyes to God’s grace that brings us to faith.  It is our faith that leads us to hope for the days ahead. 

Years later the members of John’s church who are listening to this story after the fact of Jesus’ death and resurrection still struggle to get it, as do most of us. We too struggle with Jesus, don’t we?  This is John’s point: it is the Holy Spirit, the Advocate, who comes to help us all to gain some understanding! John knows that if we are going to see God in Jesus and discover where God might be moving about in our life, and in the life of the church ,it won’t happen overnight. Healthy goodbyes are said in such a way as to get us through the darkness by offering the assurance that there are exciting discoveries awaiting us in a new day. Jesus wanted to help get them to this point. 

So in this strange twist of a farewell address, Jesus turns his goodbye into a
Hello.  He says there is more to be said.  What they had thought to be the end is turning out to be the prelude to a new beginning. 

New truths await them around the corner of tomorrow . Instead of being finished with their mission , their life, they are about to begin again. The best, Jesus suggests, is yet to come! The trick to hanging in there when life is about to pull the rug out from under us, in this promise of the Holy Spirit who is God with us and for us and in us—God ready to walk us into tomorrow hand in hand.  

I suspect this is what healthy, God-inspired goodbyes always do. They
so capture our imagination that they leave us with new insights into what life
is really about and ready to flourish as we embrace the next chapter of our
world with unexpected enthusiasm. A Goodbye that says keep your eyes on the skies.  Look up, there is more to come. 

T.S. Elliot writes “To make an end is to make a beginning.  The end is where we start from.”  Today my ministry ends here at St Martins and it will make the beginning of something new here for the Parish, and something new for me.  It is a time of transition.   Things are changing, things must change, but in some incredible mysterious way, the Spirit is still here and and moving us all forward.   Our God is the God of first and last things, of beginnings and endings and beginnings.  Our God is Alpha and Omega and Alpha!

By way of “God Be With you”, goodbye, I want to say thank you for inviting me to be pastor here.   You have invited me into your lives, your homes and together we sought to worship and serve God.  For all the things that helped bring the Kingdom closer, for everything that went well, Thank God.  For those things, for those moments that might have been different.  I’m sorry.  Over this time there have been many expressions of kindness to me and my family.  Thank you. 

I believe, God is recognized in our midst, and there is a common, shared understanding that God is not some far away God, but rather an up close companion to us and a God who accompanies all of us, and will continue to accompany each of us in the days to come.  Look and listen for the ways that God is part of sounds that come from this place.  I pray that recognition continues.  In everything that is done give the knowing nod to God.   Anything we do well, is because God is supporting and surrounding what we do, right from the beginning.

Endings make beginnings.   Worship leads to service. , go out and serve well.  You are close to God’s heart, created in God’s image, make God’s love known.  Being part of God’s breath, may we all go out joyfully and serve well wherever we may be.  Look to the coming days with a sense of expectation and hope and unshakable sense that God is present.  Go well, God bless, good bye.  Amen.